Graphite Parts for CZ Crystal Pulling
Contributing to the manufacturing of large scale integrated circuits, Tokai Carbon supplies isotropic high purity graphite used for silicon, crystal pulling equipment (CZ method). The advantages of the product include high purity and high density united with the availability of custom designing along with a broad range of sizes.

Fixtures for Semiconductor Processes
Employing its state-of-the-art CNC machining expertise coupled with extensive experience, Tokai supplies fixtures for semiconductor processes. For various electronics packages, graphite is used as a sealing fixture for which high precision machining is essential.

Graphite Parts for Water Processing
High purity graphite is used in various steps of the wafer processing to meet customer requirements, including.

LPE Boats: Graphite Boats and other parts for LPE (liquid phase epitaxy) to produce LEDs (light emitting diodes) such as GaP and GaAs.

Plasma CVD Parts: Plasma CVD Susceptors, Electrode Chambers, Ion Implantation Chambers, Sputtering Electrodes, MOCVD Susceptors and other applications.

As a low atom number material, graphite has a strong resistance to ions or plasma. Under Tokai Carbon's stringent guidelines, graphite is highly purified. Consequently, it is ideally suited for plasma CVD parts.

  1. Good electrical conductivity and high thermal conductivity
  2. Low thermal expansion resulting in high thermal shock resistance
  3. Strength at high temperatures
  4. Chemical inertness and non-wetting to glass and most metals
  5. Self lubricity
  6. Appropriate machinability

Relative specific resistance
One of the most useful characteristics of graphite is its ability to carry electric current. Its resistivity alightly decreases when temperature rises up to 400 to 600 but increases, though slightly, over this temperature range. The resistivity of graphite can be controlled by modifying raw materials and manufacturing process to meet broad requirements.

The expansion of graphite is considerably lower than that of practically all other materials. The high thermal shock resistance of graphite results principally from the low coefficient of thermal expansion and good thermal conductivity. The thermal shock resistance is shown in the following formula.

R=K.S/E
K: thermal conductivity (W/mK)
S: tensile strength(MPa)
a: coefficient of thermal expansion
   ( x10-6 /°C)
E: Young's modulus(GPa)



The mechanical strength of increases as temperature rises and the strength will be approximately double from room temperature to about 2,500°C.

Compressive Strength
=2flexural strength

The flexural strength and compressive strength have roughly the above correlations.

Graphite is resistant to most acids and alkali except for strong oxidizing media like concentrated nitric acid, etc and media to create lamellar compound like concentrated sulfuric acid, strong alkali and bromine etc. Graphite is chemically stable under normal conditions. But at high temperatures, it will react with some atmosphere and metals as shown in the left. Graphite does not ordinarily adhere to molten glass and most molten metals.